随着高速高强度大吨位的机械化自动化加工成形设备的发展以及热锻模热挤压模热镦模压铸模等复杂工艺的广泛应用，对模具的强度冲击韧度红硬性和耐磨性，提出了更高的要求。那么热作模具使用寿命的重要因素是怎样的呢？

With the development of high-efficiency, high-speed, high-strength and large tonnage mechanized automatic processing and forming equipment and the wide application of complex processes such as hot forging die, hot extrusion die, hot upsetting die and die-casting die, higher requirements are put forward for the strength, impact toughness, red hardness and wear resistance of the die. So what are the important factors for the service life of hot working dies?

目前，采用一般的热作模具钢及普通的热处理工艺已不能满足生产的需求，尤其是冲击韧度差易开裂红硬性低易塌陷，以及高湿时材料的耐磨性不高，导致模具使用寿命明显降低，严重地影响的热成形工艺的进一步发展。因而，改善和提高热作模具钢的强韧度和红硬性等，延长模具的使用寿命，更显得越来越重要和越来越紧迫。

At present, the use of general hot work die steel and ordinary heat treatment process can no longer meet the needs of production, especially the poor impact toughness, easy cracking, low red hardness and easy collapse, as well as the low wear resistance of the material at high humidity, which leads to the obvious reduction of the service life of the die and seriously affects the further development of the advanced hot forming process. Therefore, it is more and more important and urgent to improve the strength, toughness and red hardness of hot work die steel and prolong the service life of the die.

模具钢材的性能方面材质优劣使用合理与否等因素，对于模具的制造精度合格品率工作时的承载能力寿命及成本，均有密切的关系。因此在设计和制造模具过程中，对于选材方面应综合考虑模具的种类（具体使用的场合）制作批量制作材料和制件复杂程度等因素。而对于模具材料本身，则需考虑它的力学性能耐磨性耐热性耐蚀性热变形淬透性机械加工性，以及材料和供货情况等。

In terms of the performance of die steel, factors such as the quality of material and the rationality of use are closely related to the manufacturing accuracy, qualified product rate, bearing capacity, service life and cost of the die. Therefore, in the process of designing and manufacturing molds, we should comprehensively consider the types of molds (specific use occasions), batch production materials and the complexity of parts. As for the mold material itself, its mechanical properties, wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal deformation, hardenability, machinability, material price and supply conditions should be considered.

目前，任何一种材料新型的模具材料都难以满足所有的性能要求，所以只能根据实际的使用条件，在满足主要性能情况下来选择很好的模具材料。热作模具钢主要用于制造锤锻模压力机锻模热挤压模和压制模，他们的工作条件有很大差别。山东热作模具钢模具寿命的影响因素包括：

At present, any kind of high-quality materials and new mold materials are difficult to meet all the performance requirements, so we can only choose good mold materials according to the actual use conditions and under the condition of meeting the main performance. Hot work die steel is mainly used to make hammer forging dies, press forging dies, hot extrusion dies and pressing dies, and their working conditions are very different. The influencing factors of die life of Shandong hot work die steel include:

⒈锻压设备的构造及特性 锻锤（空气锤蒸汽锤无砧座锤高速锤等）

1. Structure and characteristics of forging equipment forging hammer (air hammer, steam hammer, anvil free hammer, high-speed hammer, etc.)

⒉毛坯材料的性质

2. Properties of blank materials

⒊模具的润滑及冷却方式

3. Lubrication and cooling mode of mold

⒋模具的结构及制造质量

4. Mold structure and manufacturing quality

⒌模具合理使用

5. Reasonable use of molds

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