由于冷作模具多为常温下工作，材料的塑性变形抗力大，模具的工作应力大，工作条件苛刻，综合起来这类模具性能上一般要求高的硬度和耐磨性、足够的强度、适当的韧性。下面来讲讲低合金冷作模具钢的应用。

As most cold working dies work at room temperature, the plastic deformation resistance of the materials is large, the working stress of the dies is large, and the working conditions are harsh. In general, the performance of such dies requires high hardness, wear resistance, sufficient strength, and appropriate toughness. Now let's talk about the application of low alloy cold work die steel.

简单模具可选用高碳钢如T10A，但高碳钢淬透性差、淬火变形大、耐磨性低、强韧性和回火稳定性都较差，因此不能用来制作形状复杂、精度要求高、承载力大的工模具。

High carbon steel, such as T10A, can be used for simple dies, but high carbon steel has poor hardenability, large quenching deformation, low wear resistance, strength and toughness, and poor tempering stability, so it cannot be used to make tools and dies with complex shape, high precision requirements, and large bearing capacity.

为了适用模具的性能需要而发展起来的高碳低合金钢是在碳素工具钢基础上加入适当的合金元素如铬、镍、锰、钼、钛、钨、钒、硅等元素冶炼而成的。

The high carbon low alloy steel developed to meet the requirements of die performance is smelted by adding appropriate alloy elements such as chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, silicon, etc. on the basis of carbon tool steel.

常用的有CrWMn、9SiCr、9Mn2V、GCr15等，合金元素的加入提高了钢的淬透性，油冷代替水冷降低了模具变形和开裂的倾向，马氏体在回火时不易分解，分解后析出的碳化物又不易聚集长大、低温回火后有较高的强韧性和耐磨性，模具使用寿命可大幅提高。

The commonly used ones are CrWMn, 9SiCr, 9Mn2V, GCr15, etc. The addition of alloy elements improves the hardenability of the steel. Oil cooling instead of water cooling reduces the tendency of die deformation and cracking. Martensite is not easy to decompose during tempering, and the carbide precipitated after decomposition is not easy to gather and grow up. After low temperature tempering, it has high strength, toughness and wear resistance, and the service life of the die can be greatly improved.

近年来我国研制了一些新型低合金冷作模具钢，这些钢的主要特点是合金总量低、淬透性好、淬火温度低、热处理畸变小、强韧性好、并且有适当的耐磨性，如GD(6CrMnNiMoVSi)钢、CH(7CrSiMnMoV)钢、DS（6CrMnNiMoVWSi）钢和CrNiWMoV钢等。

In recent years, China has developed some new low alloy cold work die steels. The main characteristics of these steels are low total alloy, good hardenability, low quenching temperature, small heat treatment distortion, good strength and toughness, and appropriate wear resistance, such as GD (6CrMnNiMoVSi) steel, CH (7CrSiMnMoV) steel, DS (6CrMnNiMoVWSi) steel, CrNiWMoV steel, etc.

其中GD钢中加入少量Ni、Si，既强化了基体又提高了低温回火抗力，Mo和V的加入可细化晶粒，用于制造易崩刃、易断裂的模具，有较高的使用寿命。DS钢是一种抗冲击冷作模具钢，其韧性显著优于常用的高韧性刀片用工具钢。

The addition of a small amount of Ni and Si in GD steel not only strengthens the matrix but also improves the low temperature tempering resistance. The addition of Mo and V can refine the grain, which is used to manufacture the die that is easy to crack and fracture, and has a high service life. DS steel is a kind of impact resistant cold work die steel, and its toughness is significantly better than the commonly used tool steel for high toughness blades.

CH钢的成分与日本SX105V钢相同，是一种火焰淬火模具钢，常用于制造汽车等生产线上用的模具零件，火焰淬火时，加热模具刃口切料面，硬化层下有一个高韧性的基体做衬垫，从而获得较高的使用寿命。

The composition of CH steel is the same as that of SX105V steel in Japan. It is a kind of flame hardening die steel, which is commonly used to manufacture die parts used in automobile production lines. During flame quenching, the cutting surface of the die edge is heated, and a high toughness matrix is used as the liner under the hardened layer, so as to obtain a higher service life.

在冷作模具钢中加入合金元素时，主要是为了提高淬透性和耐磨性，对于耐磨性要求高的模具，多采用加入碳化物形成元素，例如Cr、Mo、W、V等元素的多元合金钢。关注我们https://www.jnqhmj.com，了解更多！

When alloy elements are added to cold work die steel, it is mainly to improve the hardenability and wear resistance. For dies with high wear resistance requirements, multi-element alloy steel with carbide forming elements, such as Cr, Mo, W, V, etc., is often used. Follow us https://www.jnqhmj.com , learn more!