冷作模具钢的强韧化处理工艺主要包括：低淬低回、高淬高回、微细化处理、等温和分级淬火等。下面来适当了解一些内容吧。

The strengthening and toughening processes of cold working die steel mainly include low quenching and low recovery, high quenching and high recovery, micronization, isothermal and step quenching, etc. Let's have a proper understanding of some content.

(1)冷作模具钢的低温淬火工艺所谓低温淬火是指低于该钢的传统淬火温度进行的淬火操作。实践证明，适当地降低淬火温度，降低硬度，提高韧性，无论是碳素工具钢、合金工具钢还是高速钢都可以不同程度地提高韧性和冲击疲劳抗力，降低冷作模具脆断、脆裂的倾向性。表是几种常用冷作模具钢的低淬低回强韧化处理规范，以供选择。

(1) Low temperature quenching process of cold working die steel the so-called low temperature quenching refers to the quenching operation carried out at a temperature lower than the traditional quenching temperature of the steel. It has been proved that the toughness and impact fatigue resistance of carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel and high-speed steel can be improved to varying degrees by properly reducing the quenching temperature, hardness and toughness, and reducing the tendency of brittle fracture and brittle fracture of cold working dies. The table shows the low quench and low return strength and toughening treatment specifications for several common cold working die steels for selection.

(2)冷作模具钢的高温淬火工艺对于一些低淬透性的冷作模具钢，为了提高淬硬层厚度，常常采用提高淬火温度的方法，如t7a—tloa钢制25-50mm的模具，淬火温度可提高到830—860℃；gcr15（或cr2）钢的淬火温度可由原来的860℃提高到900—920℃，模具的使用寿命可提高一倍以上。

(2) High temperature quenching process of cold working die steels for some cold working die steels with low hardenability, in order to increase the thickness of the hardened layer, the method of increasing the quenching temperature is often used, such as the 25-50mm die made of t7a-tloa steel, the quenching temperature can be increased to 830-860 ℃; The quenching temperature of GCr15 (or CR2) steel can be increased from 860 ℃ to 900-920 ℃, and the service life of the die can be more than doubled.

一些抗冲击冷作模具钢，采用高温淬火，具有较高断裂韧度、冲击韧度和优良的耐磨性，如60s12mn钢采用920—950℃淬火，铬钨硅系钢采用950—980℃淬火，模具寿命都有大幅度提高。

Some impact resistant cold working die steels are quenched at high temperature, which have high fracture toughness, impact toughness and excellent wear resistance. For example, 60s12mn steel is quenched at 920-950 ℃ and chromium tungsten silicon series steel is quenched at 950-980 ℃, which greatly improves the service life of the die.

(3)冷作模具钢的微细化处理微细化处理包括钢中基体组织的细化和碳化物的细化两个方面。基体组织的细化可提高钢的强韧性，碳化物的细化不仅有利于增加钢的强韧性，而且可增加钢的耐磨性。微细化处理的方法通常有两种：

(3) The fine treatment of cold working die steel includes two aspects: the refinement of matrix structure and the refinement of carbide. The refinement of matrix structure can improve the strength and toughness of steel. The refinement of carbide is not only beneficial to increase the strength and toughness of steel, but also can increase the wear resistance of steel. There are usually two methods of micronization:

1)四步热处理法。冷作模具钢的预备热处理一般都采用球化退火，但球化退火组织经淬回火，其中碳化物的均匀性、圆整度和颗粒大小等因素对钢的强韧性和耐磨性的影响尚不够理想。采用四步热处理法，可使钢的组织和性能得到很大的改善，模具的使用寿命可提高1.5~3倍。具体工艺过程为：一步，采用高温奥氏体化，然后淬火或等温淬火；第二步是高温软化回火，回火温度以不超过为界，从而得到回火托氏体或回火索氏体；第三步为低温淬火，由于淬火温度低，已细化的碳化物不会溶人奥氏体而得以保存；第四步为低温回火。

1) Four step heat treatment. Spheroidizing annealing is generally used in the preparation heat treatment of cold working die steel, but the influence of carbide uniformity, roundness and particle size on the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the steel is not ideal. The four step heat treatment method can greatly improve the structure and properties of the steel, and the service life of the die can be increased by 1.5~3 times. The specific process is as follows: one step, high-temperature austenitizing, then quenching or isothermal quenching; The second step is softening and tempering at high temperature, and the tempering temperature is limited to no more than, so as to obtain tempered troostite or tempered sorbite; The third step is low-temperature quenching, because the quenching temperature is low, the refined carbide will not dissolve into austenite and can be preserved; The fourth step is low temperature tempering.

在有些情况下，可取消模具毛坯的球化退火工序，而用上述工艺中一步加第二步作为模具的预备热处理，并可在一步结合模具的锻造进行锻造余热淬火，以减少能耗，提高工效。

In some cases, the spheroidizing annealing process of the die blank can be canceled, and one step plus the second step in the above process can be used as the preliminary heat treatment of the die, and the forging waste heat quenching can be carried out in one step in combination with the forging of the die, so as to reduce energy consumption and improve work efficiency.

典型的四步热处理工艺规范如下：

Typical four step heat treatment process specifications are as follows:

①9mn2v钢：820℃油冷+650℃回火+750℃油冷+200℃回火。

① 9mn2v steel: 820 ℃ oil cooling +650 ℃ tempering +750 ℃ oil cooling +200 ℃ tempering.

②ccr15钢：1050℃奥氏体化后180℃分级淬火+400℃回火+830℃加热保温后油冷+200℃回火。

② Ccr15 steel: 1050 ℃ austenitizing, 180 ℃ step quenching +400 ℃ tempering +830 ℃ heating, oil cooling +200 ℃ tempering.

③crwmn钢：970℃奥氏体化后油冷+560℃回火+820℃加热保温后280℃等温th+200℃回火。

③ CrWMn steel: 970 ℃ oil cooling after austenitizing +560 ℃ tempering +820 ℃ heating and holding 280 ℃ isothermal th+200 ℃ tempering.

2)循环超细化处理。将冷作模具钢以较快速度加热到ac1或(acm)以上的温度，经短时停留后立即淬火冷却，如此循环多次。由于每加热一次晶粒都得到一次细化，同时在快速奥氏体化过程中又保留了相当数量的未溶细小碳化物，循环次数一般控制在2—4次，因此，经处理后的模具钢可获得12-14级超细化晶粒，模具使用寿命可提高1-4倍左右。

2) Cycle super refinement. The cold working die steel is heated to the temperature of AC1 or above (ACM) at a faster speed, Quenched and cooled immediately after a short stay, and such cycles are repeated. As the grains are refined once every heating, and a considerable amount of insoluble fine carbides are retained in the rapid austenitizing process, the cycle times are generally controlled at 2-4 times. Therefore, the treated die steel can obtain 12-14 grade ultra-fine grains, and the service life of the die can be increased by about 1-4 times.

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