The most important factor in determining the service life of the die is often the wear resistance of the die material. The die bears considerable compressive stress and friction in work, which requires the die to maintain its dimensional accuracy under strong friction. Die wear is mainly mechanical wear, oxidation wear and melting wear. In order to improve the wear resistance of die steel, it is necessary to not only maintain the high hardness of die steel, but also ensure that the composition, morphology and distribution of carbides or other hardened phases in the steel are reasonable.

对于重载、高速磨损条件下服役的模具，要求模具钢表面能形成薄而致密粘附性好的氧化膜，保持润滑作用，减少模具和工件之间产生粘咬、焊合等熔融磨损，又能减少模具表面进行氧化造成氧化磨损。所以模具的工作条件对钢的磨损有较大的影响。

For the die in service under the condition of heavy load and high-speed wear, it is required that the die steel surface can form a thin and dense oxide film with good adhesion, maintain lubrication, reduce the molten wear such as bonding and welding between the die and the workpiece, and reduce the oxidation wear caused by oxidation on the die surface. Therefore, the working conditions of the die have a great influence on the wear of steel.

热作模具钢性能：（1）硬度是模具钢的主要技术指标，模具在高应力的作用下欲保持其形状尺寸不变，必须具有足够高的硬度。冷作模具钢在室温条件下一般硬度保持在HRC60左右，热作模具钢根据其工作条件，一般要求保持在HRC40～55范围。对于同一钢种而言，在一定的硬度值范围内，硬度与变形抗力成正比；但具有同一硬度值而成分及组织不同的钢种之间，其塑性变形抗力可能有明显的差别。

Properties of hot working die steel: (1) Hardness is the main technical index of die steel. If the die wants to keep its shape and size unchanged under the action of high stress, it must have high enough hardness. The hardness of cold working die steel is generally maintained at about HRC60 at room temperature, and the hardness of hot working die steel is generally required to be maintained in the range of hrc40 ~ 55 according to its working conditions. For the same steel, it is within a certain hardness value range , hardness is directly proportional to deformation resistance; However, there may be obvious differences in plastic deformation resistance between steels with the same hardness value and different composition and structure.

（2）红硬性在高温状态下工作的热作模具，要求保持其组织和性能的稳定，从而保持足够高的硬度，这种性能称为红硬性。碳素工具钢、低合金工具钢通常能在180～250℃的温度范围内保持这种性能，铬钼热作模具钢一般在550～600℃的温度范围内保持这种性能。钢的红硬性主要取决于钢的化学成分和热处理工艺。

(2) Red hardness hot working die working at high temperature requires to keep its structure and performance stable, so as to maintain high enough hardness. This performance is called red hardness. Carbon tool steel and low alloy tool steel can usually maintain this performance in the temperature range of 180 ~ 250 ℃, and chromium molybdenum hot working die steel generally maintains this performance in the temperature range of 550 ~ 600 ℃ The red hardness mainly depends on the chemical composition and heat treatment process of steel.

塑料模具：由于塑料的品种很多，对塑料制品的要求差别也很大，对制造塑料模具的材料也提出了各种不同的性能要求。所以，不少工业发达的已经形成了范围很广的塑料模具用钢系列。包括碳素结构钢、渗碳型塑料模具钢、预硬型塑料模具钢、时效硬化型塑料模具钢、耐蚀塑料模具钢、易切塑料模具钢、整体淬硬型塑料模具钢、马氏体时效钢以及镜面抛光用塑料模具钢等。

Plastic mold: because there are many kinds of plastics, the requirements for plastic products are also very different, and various performance requirements are also put forward for the materials for manufacturing plastic molds. Therefore, many industrial developed countries have formed a wide range of steel series for plastic molds. It includes carbon structural steel, carburized plastic mold steel, pre hardening plastic mold steel, age hardening plastic mold steel, corrosion-resistant plastic mold steel, easy cutting plastic mold steel, integral hardening plastic mold steel, maraging steel and plastic mold steel for mirror polishing.

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