⒈ 9SiCr Steel is suitable for manufacturing medium and small cold stamping dies with complex shape and small distortion. 9SiCr negative iron carbide is fine and evenly distributed, and the heat treatment distortion is small. It is also suitable for making thread rolling die. 9SiCr Steel has high silicon content and improved tempering stability. When tempered at 250 ℃, the hardness is not lower than HRC60, but the silicon content is high, which brings the characteristics of high hardness after annealing and easy decarburization during heating.

⒉CrWMn钢具有高的淬透性，淬火后组织中保留较多的残余奥氏体，因而淬火畸变小，适用于制造淬火时要求畸变小、形状复杂的中、小模具。如冷冲、冷挤压凹模，落料冲孔模等。CrWMn钢中的钨、铬、锰是碳化物形成元素，在淬火及低温回火状态下，钢中含有较多的碳化物(与9SiCr、9Mn2V钢相比)，因而具有较高的硬度和耐磨性，钨还能细化晶粒，使钢获得较好的韧度并减小过热敏感性。但是CrWMn钢对形成碳化物网比较敏感，这种钢因网状碳化物的存在，又使钢的韧度变坏，模具的薄弱部分易于崩落，从而降低了模具的使用寿命，所以，应严格控制热加工工艺和球化退火前的正火工艺。

2. CrWMn steel has high hardenability and retains more residual austenite in the structure after quenching, so the quenching distortion is small. It is suitable for manufacturing medium and small dies requiring small distortion and complex shape during quenching. Such as cold punching, cold extrusion die, blanking and punching die, etc. Tungsten, chromium and manganese in CrWMn steel are carbide forming elements. Under quenching and low temperature tempering, the steel contains more carbides (compared with 9SiCr and 9mn2v steel), so it has higher hardness and wear resistance. Tungsten can also refine grains, make the steel obtain better toughness and reduce overheating sensitivity. However, CrWMn steel is sensitive to the formation of carbide network. Due to the existence of network carbide, the toughness of the steel is deteriorated, and the weak part of the die is easy to collapse, which reduces the service life of the die. Therefore, the hot working process and normalizing process before spheroidizing annealing should be strictly controlled.

⒊9CrWMn钢的用于与CrWMn钢相似，淬透性要低些，但因钢的含碳量减小，使碳化物分布均匀性提高，常用作允许畸变小的、形状复杂的冷冲模和冷剪金属的长刀片。9CrWMn钢的退火加热温度为780~800℃，淬火加热温度为800~830℃，油中冷却后的硬度为HRC62~64，经170~230℃回火后的硬度为HRC60~63，经230~275℃回火后为HRC56~60。

3. The application of 9crwmn steel is similar to that of CrWMn steel, and its hardenability is lower. However, due to the reduction of carbon content in steel, the uniformity of carbide distribution is improved. It is often used as cold stamping die with small distortion and complex shape and long blade for cold shearing metal. The annealing heating temperature of 9crwmn steel is 780 ~ 800 ℃, the quenching heating temperature is 800 ~ 830 ℃, the hardness after cooling in oil is HRC62 ~ 64, the hardness after tempering at 170 ~ 230 ℃ is HRC60 ~ 63, and the hardness after tempering at 230 ~ 275 ℃ is hrc56 ~ 60.

⒋美国的O1(MnCrWV)是一种“少量多元”合金化的钢，其化学成分为：0.85%~0.95%C、0.20%~0.4%Si、1.00%~1.30%Mn、0.40%~0.60%Cr、040%~0.60%W，约0.20%V。此钢与CrWMn钢相比，钢中的碳化物分布比较均匀，生成网状碳化物的倾向性比较小。O1钢球化退火加热温度为760~790℃，退火后的硬度为HBS183~212。淬火加热温度为800~840℃，油冷，淬火硬度为HRC64~65.4，经150~260℃回火，硬度为HRC62~57。O1钢淬透性也比较高， O1钢淬火畸变小，回火时在150~200℃畸变量小，超过200℃回火时，由于残余奥氏体分解，畸变量有些增加，250℃回火时畸变量，以后逐渐减小。O1钢淬火加热时晶粒不易长大，韧度较好。

4. O1 (mncrwv) in the United States is a "small amount of multicomponent" alloyed steel. Its chemical composition is: 0.85% ~ 0.95% C, 0.20% ~ 0.4% Si, 1.00% ~ 1.30% Mn, 0.40% ~ 0.60% Cr, 040% ~ 0.60% w, about 0.20% v. Compared with CrWMn steel, the carbide distribution in this steel is more uniform and the tendency to form network carbide is relatively small. The heating temperature of spheroidizing annealing of O1 steel is 760 ~ 790 ℃, and the hardness after annealing is hbs183 ~ 212. The quenching heating temperature is 800 ~ 840 ℃, oil cooling, and the quenching hardness is hrc64 ~ 65.4. After tempering at 150 ~ 260 ℃, the hardness is HRC62 ~ 57. The hardenability of O1 steel is also relatively high. The quenching distortion of O1 steel is small. When tempering at 150 ~ 200 ℃, the distortion is the smallest. When tempering above 200 ℃, the distortion increases due to the decomposition of residual austenite. When tempering at 250 ℃, the distortion is the largest and then decreases gradually. During quenching and heating, the grain of O1 steel is not easy to grow, and the toughness is good.

⒌9Mn2V钢的淬透性与CrWMn和9SiCr钢相近。由于钒的加入能显著细化晶粒，减小钢的过热敏感性，改善锰在钢中的不良影响。9Mn2V钢在模具制造上不仅可以代替碳素工具钢的碱浴淬火，而且可以提高模具性能，显著增加使用寿命，可用于制造胶木模、冲4mm以下的薄板的冷冲模。9Mn2V钢的回火稳定性稍低，要过到一般模具所要求的硬度，回火温度不能超过180℃。

5. The hardenability of 9mn2v steel is similar to that of CrWMn and 9SiCr Steel. Because the addition of vanadium can significantly refine the grain, reduce the overheating sensitivity of steel and improve the adverse effect of manganese in steel. 9mn2v steel can not only replace the alkali bath quenching of carbon tool steel in die manufacturing, but also improve the die performance and significantly increase the service life. It can be used to manufacture bakelite die and cold stamping die for punching sheet less than 4mm. The tempering stability of 9mn2v steel is slightly lower, which should exceed the hardness required by general molds, and the tempering temperature should not exceed 180 ℃.

⒍GCr15轴承钢也常常用来制造工具、量具、机床轴承和冷作模具，使用效果比较满意。工具钢服役时的工况与轴承承并不完全相同，一般不承受高负荷下的点或线接触疲劳，但经常承受冲击、磨损、弯曲、剪切，有时还有一定的温升，因此，要求工模具具备优良的强韧性。在具备一定的硬度、强度、耐磨性的同时，还要求有较高的多冲寿命、断裂韧度和良好的抗弯及抗扭转性能。由于其性能要求与轴承的性能要求不完全一致，因而工模具的热处理工艺和组织也有其特点，例如双细化工艺、等温淬火工艺等，常常能在工模具制造过程中优先推广应用，并已取得一定的效益。

⒍ GCr15 bearing steel is also often used to manufacture tools, measuring tools, machine tool bearings and cold working molds, and the application effect is satisfactory. The working condition of tool steel in service is not exactly the same as that of bearing. Generally, it does not bear point or line contact fatigue under high load, but it often bears impact, wear, bending and shear, and sometimes has a certain temperature rise. Therefore, tools and dies are required to have excellent strength and toughness. While having certain hardness, strength and wear resistance, it is also required to have high multi impact life, fracture toughness and good bending and torsion resistance. Because its performance requirements are not completely consistent with the performance requirements of bearings, the heat treatment process and organization of tools and dies also have their own characteristics, such as double refining process and isothermal quenching process, which can often be preferentially popularized and applied in the manufacturing process of tools and dies, and certain benefits have been obtained.

⒎6CrW2Si钢。铬钨硅钢系合金工具钢有三个钢号：4CrW2Si、5CrW2Si和6CrW2Si，三个钢号只有含碳量的差异。其中，6CrW2Si钢强度，耐磨性，韧度相对较差；4CrW2Si钢韧度，强度、硬度稍低。钨的碳化物Fe3W3C不易在淬火加热时溶解，因此，可以有效地细化晶粒，提高耐磨性；但钨有促进碳化物偏析的作用。硅溶入固溶体中，能提高疲劳强度，使临界点上升，所以，淬火加热温度较高；硅钢有脱碳敏感性，需要防止工件肿碳。铬钨硅钢系淬透性高，回火稳定一好，等温转变比较稳定，有利于分级淬火和等温淬火，可以用来制造冲击工具、刀具，也可以用来制造冷作模具。

⒎ 6CrW2Si steel. There are three grades of chromium tungsten silicon steel alloy tool steel: 4crw2si, 5CrW2Si and 6CrW2Si. There is only difference in carbon content among the three grades. Among them, 6CrW2Si steel has the highest strength, the best wear resistance and relatively poor toughness; 4crw2si steel has the best toughness and slightly lower strength and hardness. Tungsten carbide fe3w3c is not easy to dissolve during quenching and heating, so it can effectively refine grains and improve wear resistance; However, tungsten can promote carbide segregation. Silicon dissolved in solid solution can improve fatigue strength and raise critical point. Therefore, quenching heating temperature is high; Silicon steel is sensitive to decarburization, so it is necessary to prevent workpiece from carbon swelling. Chromium tungsten silicon steel system has high hardenability, good tempering stability and relatively stable isothermal transformation, which is conducive to graded quenching and isothermal quenching. It can be used to manufacture impact tools, cutting tools and cold working molds.

⒏60Si2Mn钢。60Si2Mn钢是一种弹簧专用钢种，具有高的屈服强度、高疲劳极限和优良的塑性；钢材低廉；热处理工艺简单，用于制造冲击工具、模具。标准件行业多用其制造冷镦冲头、螺母冷镦模具、冷冲孔模具等。60Si2Mn钢有较高的强韧度和抗回火稳定性，但耐磨性稍低，淬透性也不高，油淬临界直径为25~30mm，因此，只能用作小型工模具。钢材含硅量高，有石墨化倾向和较高的脱碳敏感性。

8. 60Si2Mn steel. 60Si2Mn steel is a special steel for spring, which has high yield strength, high fatigue limit and excellent plasticity; Low price of steel; The heat treatment process is simple and can be used to manufacture impact tools and molds. Standard parts industry uses it to manufacture cold heading punch, nut cold heading die, cold punching die, etc. 60Si2Mn steel has high strength and toughness and tempering stability, but its wear resistance is slightly low and its hardenability is not high. The critical diameter of oil quenching is 25 ~ 30mm. Therefore, it can only be used as small tools and dies. Steel has high silicon content, graphitization tendency and high decarburization sensitivity.

⒐7CrSiMnMoV钢www.hongchao-dg.cn。7CrSiMnMoV钢是GB/T 1299-2000标准中新纳入的，适用于火焰淬火用的低合金工具钢。火焰淬火模具钢是近20年来为适应大型、特大型模具简化热处理工艺、缩短生产周期、节约生产成本而发展起来的新型钢种。7CrSiMnMoV(曾用代号CH-1)是我国研制的低合金空冷淬硬钢，该钢既适用于火焰表面淬火，也可整体加热淬火，淬火畸变小。该钢的淬火温度很宽(适于火焰加热用)，在850~1000℃范围内变化，淬火后均有良好的效果，淬透性、淬硬性均好，空冷后的硬度一般可达HRC60以上。该钢焊接性能良好。

⒐ 7CrSiMnMoV steel www.hongchao-dg.com cn。 7CrSiMnMoV steel is a new low alloy tool steel for flame quenching, which is included in GB / T 1299-2000 standard. Flame quenched die steel is a new type of steel developed in recent 20 years to adapt to large and extra large dies, simplify heat treatment process, shorten production cycle and save production cost. 7CrSiMnMoV (formerly code CH-1) is a low-alloy air-cooled hardened steel developed in China. This steel is suitable for flame surface quenching and overall heating quenching with small quenching distortion. The quenching temperature of the steel is very wide (suitable for flame heating). It changes in the range of 850 ~ 1000 ℃. After quenching, it has good effect, good hardenability and hardenability. The hardness after air cooling can generally reach more than HRC60. The steel has good weldability.

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