Usually, metal inclusions and chemical elements have little effect on the longitudinal ductility of Shandong die steel, but have a very obvious effect on the transverse ductility of steel. The increase of sulfide content will reduce various toughness indexes of steel, and the fracture toughness of steel decreases with the increase of the number and length of inclusions.

各种金属添加物与化学夹杂物对山东模具钢材的强度影响、颗粒尺寸、含量是相联系的。在室温下，氧化铝的颗粒超过1μm时，会让山东模具钢材的屈服强度与抗张强度下降。当夹杂物质的含量较低时，对屈服强度的降低非常敏感。当金属断裂时，裂痕不仅会在基体中形成，同时还会在夹杂物质中形成，从而导致山东模具钢材的断裂。

The effects of various metal additives and chemical inclusions on the strength, particle size and content of Shandong die steel are related. At room temperature, alumina particles exceed 1 μ M, the yield strength and tensile strength of Shandong die steel will decrease. When the content of inclusions is low, it is very sensitive to the decrease of yield strength. When the metal breaks, the crack will not only form in the matrix, but also in the inclusion material, resulting in the fracture of Shandong die steel.

为了让山东模具钢材具备良好的韧性以及让韧性各向异性尽可能的降低，山东模具钢材对夹杂物质的要求：

In order to make Shandong die steel have good toughness and reduce the anisotropy of toughness as much as possible, the requirements for inclusions in Shandong die steel are as follows:

杂质的体积分数尽量低。

The volume fraction of impurities shall be as low as possible.

杂质要分布均匀。

Impurities should be evenly distributed.

栽植需要有紧凑的外形。

Planting requires a compact shape.

夹杂物质的硬度是钢基体的两倍，以便让夹杂物质在热加工过程中，存在极小的变形。

The hardness of the inclusion material is twice that of the steel matrix, so that there is little deformation of the inclusion material during hot working.