Metallurgical quality also has a great impact on the performance of mold materials, only with excellent metallurgical quality, can we give full play to the various properties of mold materials. Therefore, for the production of precision, complex, long-life mold, we must choose the suitable material of super alloy steel with good quality. The main metallurgical production departments at home and abroad are also making every effort to improve the metallurgical quality of mold materials. There are mainly the following aspects:

1．冶炼质量对于高质量的模具钢，国内外广泛采用炉外精炼、真空处理、真空冶炼、喷粉处理、电渣重熔等工艺、降低钢中的有害元素、氧、氢和夹杂物的含量，进行化学成分和浇注温度的微调。通过电渣重熔还能够有用地改 善钢的低倍组织和致密度，提高材料的等向性。

1. Smelting quality for high-quality die steel, the processes of out of furnace refining, vacuum treatment, vacuum smelting, powder injection treatment and electroslag remelting are widely used at home and abroad to reduce the contents of harmful elements, oxygen, hydrogen and inclusions in the steel and fine tune the chemical composition and pouring temperature. By ESR, the macrostructure and density of the steel can be effectively improved, and the isotropy of the material can be improved.

国内一些生产厂的试验说明电弧炉生产的4Cr5MoSiVI钢的横向冲击韧度值只相当于纵向的31%，通过电渣重熔以后的4Cr5MoSiVI钢钢材，横向冲击韧度值可相当于纵向的70%，提高1倍以上。对于特殊要求的模具材料，则采用粉末冶金工艺生产的粉末高速钢和粉末高合金模具钢，可以更好地改 善钢的组织和性能。

The tests in some domestic factories show that the transverse impact toughness of 4cr5mosivi steel produced by EAF is only 31% of the longitudinal impact toughness, and the transverse impact toughness of 4cr5mosivi steel produced by ESR is 70% of the longitudinal impact toughness, which is more than doubled. For the die materials with special requirements, the P / m high speed steel and P / m high alloy die steel can better improve the microstructure and properties of the steel.

2．锻造轧制工艺在保证一定的锻造比的基础上，尽可能采用镦粗一拔长锻造和交叉轧制工艺，以提高模具材料的等向性。

2. Forging and rolling process on the basis of a certain forging ratio, upsetting drawing forging and cross rolling process should be adopted as far as possible to improve the isotropy of die material.

为了减少加工余量，提高材料的利用率，广泛采用精锻机、快锻水压机、高精度连轧机生产，提供高精度的钢材适应模具制造的需要。

In order to reduce machining allowance and improve material utilization, precision forging machine, fast forging hydraulic press and high-precision continuous rolling mill are widely used to provide high-precision steel to meet the needs of mold manufacturing.

3．热处理和精加工锻、轧材的热处理，应采用可控气氛或真空热处理，避免氧化脱碳，对有些塑料模具钢和热作模具钢应由冶金部门进行预硬处理。对有些要求高的热作模具材料应由冶金部门预行组织细化处理，消 除钢中的粗大碳化物和链状分布的碳化物，得到细小、均匀分布的碳化物组织，以进一步改 善钢的各种性能，特别是等向性。

3. For heat treatment and heat treatment of finished forging and rolling products, controlled atmosphere or vacuum heat treatment should be adopted to avoid oxidation and decarburization. Some plastic die steel and hot work die steel should be pre hardened by Metallurgical Department. For some hot working die materials with high requirements, the Metallurgical Department should refine the structure in advance to eliminate the coarse carbides and chain carbides in the steel, and obtain fine and uniform carbides, so as to further improve the various properties of the steel, especially the isotropy.

根据国外的一些报道，有些热作模具钢通过电渣重熔一多向锻造（轧制）一组织细化处理，生产出高质量高等向性的模具钢，其横向的冲击韧度值可以相当于纵向的90%以上。

According to some foreign reports, some hot work die steels are produced with high quality and high directivity by electroslag remelting multi-directional forging (rolling) microstructure refinement treatment. The transverse impact toughness value can be equivalent to more than 90% of the longitudinal impact toughness value.