1. Wear resistance

坯料在模具型腔中塑性变性时，沿型腔表面既流动又滑动，使型腔表面与坯料间产生剧烈的摩擦，从而导致模具因磨损而失效。所以材料的耐磨性是模具基本、重要的性能之一。

When the blank is plastically denatured in the mold cavity, it flows and slides along the surface of the mold cavity, resulting in severe friction between the surface of the mold cavity and the blank, resulting in the failure of the mold due to wear. So the wear resistance of material is one of the basic and important properties of die.

硬度是影响耐磨性的主要因素。一般情况下，模具零件的硬度越高，磨损量越小，耐磨性也越好。另外，耐磨性还与材料中碳化物的种类、数量、形态、大小及分布有关。

Hardness is the main factor affecting wear resistance. In general, the higher the hardness of die parts, the smaller the wear, the better the wear resistance. In addition, the wear resistance is also related to the type, quantity, shape, size and distribution of carbides in the material.

2、强韧性

2. Strength and toughness

模具的工作条件大多十分恶劣，有些常承受较大的冲击负荷，从而导致脆性断裂。为防止模具零件在工作时突然脆断，模具要具有较高的强度和韧性。

Most of the working conditions of the dies are very bad, and some of them often bear large impact load, which leads to brittle fracture. In order to prevent the sudden brittle fracture of die parts, the die should have high strength and toughness.

模具的韧性主要取决于材料的含碳量、晶粒度及组织状态。

The toughness of the die mainly depends on the carbon content, grain size and microstructure of the material.

3、疲劳断裂性能

3. Fatigue fracture property

模具工作过程中，在循环应力的长期作用下，往往导致疲劳断裂。其形式有小能量多次冲击疲劳断裂、拉伸疲劳断裂接触疲劳断裂及弯曲疲劳断裂。

In the working process of die, under the long-term action of cyclic stress, fatigue fracture is often caused. Its forms are small energy multiple impact fatigue fracture, tensile fatigue fracture, contact fatigue fracture and bending fatigue fracture.

模具的疲劳断裂性能主要取决于其强度、韧性、硬度、以及材料中夹杂物的含量。

The fatigue fracture performance of the die mainly depends on its strength, toughness, hardness and the content of inclusions in the material.

4、高温性能

4. High temperature performance

当模具的工作温度较高进，会使硬度和强度下降，导致模具早期磨损或产生塑性变形而失效。因模具材料应具有较高的抗回火稳定性，以保证模具在工作温度下，具有较高的硬度和强度。

When the working temperature of the die is higher, the hardness and strength will decrease, leading to early wear or plastic deformation and failure of the die. Because the die material should have high tempering stability, in order to ensure that the die has high hardness and strength at working temperature.

5、耐冷热疲劳性能

5. Cold and hot fatigue resistance

有些模具在工作过程中处于反复加热和冷却的状态，使型腔表面受拉、压力变应力的作用，引起表面龟裂和剥落，增大摩擦力，阻碍塑性变形，降低了尺寸精度，从而导致模具失效。冷热疲劳是热作模具失效的主要形式之一，帮这类模具应具有较高的耐冷热疲劳性能。

Some molds are in the state of repeated heating and cooling in the working process, which makes the cavity surface subject to tension and pressure stress, causes surface cracking and spalling, increases friction, hinders plastic deformation, reduces dimensional accuracy, and leads to mold failure. Cold and hot fatigue is one of the main failure modes of hot working dies. This kind of dies should have high cold and hot fatigue resistance.

6、耐蚀性

6. Corrosion resistance

有些模具如塑料模在工作时，由于塑料中存在氯、氟等元素，受热后分解析出hci、hf等强侵蚀性气体，侵蚀模具型腔表面，加大其表面粗糙度，加剧磨损失效。

When some moulds, such as plastic moulds, work, because there are chlorine, fluorine and other elements in the plastics, they decompose and precipitate HCI, HF and other strong corrosive gases after heating, which erode the surface of the mould cavity, increase its surface roughness and aggravate the wear failure.