Key point 1: forming method

可从两种基本材料类型中选择:

You can choose from two basic material types:

1.热加工工具钢,它能承受模铸、锻造和挤压时的相对高的温度。

1. Hot working tool steel, which can withstand the relatively high temperature of die casting, forging and extrusion.

2.冷加工工具钢,它用于下料和剪切、冷成形、冷挤压、冷锻和粉末加压成形。

2. Cold working tool steel, which is used for blanking and shearing, cold forming, cold extrusion, cold forging and powder pressure forming.

注：一些塑料会产生如pvc塑料之类的腐蚀性副产品。长时间的停工引起的冷凝、腐蚀性气体、酸、冷却/加热、水或储存条件等因素也会产生腐蚀。如果符合上述情况，使用不锈钢材料的模具钢。

Note: some plastics can produce corrosive by-products such as PVC plastics. Factors such as condensation, corrosive gases, acids, cooling / heating, water or storage conditions caused by prolonged shutdown can also cause corrosion. If the above conditions are met, die steel made of stainless steel is recommended.

要点二：模具尺寸

Key point 2: mold size

1.大尺寸模具常常使用预硬钢。

1. Pre hardened steel is often used in large-size dies.

2.整体淬硬钢常常用于小尺寸模具。

2. Integral hardened steel is often used for small size die.

要点三：模具使用次数

Key point 3: mold usage times

1.短时间使用的模具应使用软钢,其硬度为160mdash;2 50 hrc。

1. The mold used for a short time should be made of mild steel with hardness of 160mdash; 250hrc.

2.中等长时间使用的模具应使用预硬钢,其硬度为30一45hrc。

2. Pre hardened steel with hardness of 30-45hrc should be used for the mould used for medium and long time.

3.长期使用的模具应使用高硬度钢,其硬度为48mdash;65hrc。

3. High hardness steel should be used for long-term mold, with hardness of 48mdash; 65hrc.

要点四：表面粗糙度

Key point 4: surface roughness

许多塑料模具制造商对好的表面粗糙度感兴趣;当添加硫改善金属切削性能时,表面质量会因此下降,硫含量高的钢也变得更脆。

Many plastic mold manufacturers are interested in good surface roughness; when sulfur is added to improve metal cutting performance, the surface quality will decrease, and the steel with high sulfur content will become more brittle.

模具钢在工作性能方面的要求和特点

Requirements and characteristics of die steel in working performance

硬度

hardness

模具在工作时受力状态是复杂的，如热作模具通常在交换的温度场下承受交变应力作用，因此它应具有良好的抗软化或塑性变形状态的能力，在长期工作环境下仍能保持模具的形状和尺寸精度。硬度是模具钢的生要性能之一。对冷作模具的硬度一般选择在58HRC以上，而热作模具尤其是要求高的抗热疲劳性能的模具，通常硬度在45HRC左右。对普通使用的塑料模具，一般硬度要求在35HRC左右。

The stress state of the die is complex when it works. For example, the hot working die usually bears alternating stress under the exchange temperature field, so it should have good ability to resist softening or plastic deformation, and can still maintain the shape and dimensional accuracy of the die in the long-term working environment. Hardness is one of the important properties of die steel. Generally, the hardness of cold working dies is above 58hrc, while that of hot working dies, especially those with high thermal fatigue resistance, is about 45hrc. For the common plastic mold, the hardness is about 35hrc.

强度与韧性

Strength and toughness

零件在成形使模具承受着巨大的的冲击、扭曲等负荷，尤其是现代高速冲压、高速精密锻造和液态成形等技术以及一次成形技术的发展，模具承受着更大的负荷，往往由于钢材的强度和韧度不够，造成型腔边缘或局部塌陷、崩刃或断裂而早期失效，因此模具热处理后应具有较高的硬度和韧度。

In the forming process of parts, the die bears a huge impact, distortion and other loads, especially with the development of modern high-speed stamping, high-speed precision forging, liquid forming and one-step forming technology, the die bears a greater load. Due to the insufficient strength and toughness of steel, the edge or local collapse, edge collapse or fracture of the die cavity lead to early failure It should have high hardness and toughness.